Organ System Integration

Frog:

A frog's skin can absorb water and oxygen, integrating with its respiratory system. The frog's skin is an absorbent surface, allowing the frog to intake more than 25% of its daily oxygen supply and to exhale most of the carbon dioxide produced. The skin is covered with a layer of mucus, allowing it to absorb oxygen from the air. A frog's skin is thin, with blood vessels close to the surface for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This relationship is advantageous for frogs, as it is the only form of respiration they use while hibernating.

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Organ System Integration

Pig's cells need Oxygen to function. The musculoskeletal system and the respiratory system work together to bring Oxygen to cells. The diaphragm, a muscle of the musculoskeletal system, pulls down on the lungs, a component of the respiratory system, creating negative pressure inside the lungs, filling them with air (which contains Oxygen), which is then transported to cells by the blood of the circulatory system. Another problem which this organ duo solves is moving cell waste out of the body. As the diaphragm relaxes, the pressure inside the lungs forces waste CO2, which the blood brought to the lungs, up the trachea and out of the body. 

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Pig Organ System Integration

The Circulatory and Respiratory system of pigs work together to ensure that there is a healthy pH level within the body. In the Circulatory system, if there is too much CO2 in the blood, the acidity will rise. But to keep that level of acidity from increasing, the Respiratory system increases the breathing rate. Because its respiratory rate increases, there is less CO2 circulating throughout the body, and the body maintains homeostasis.

SHIDS SHQUIDS

The lungs draw water into the mantle to be able to breath, and at the same time, if the Squid detects a threat, it forms a water tight seal between the mantle and the body of the squid, and contracts the muscles in the mantle, creating a large amount of pressure. There is only one way out for the water after the seal has been formed, and that is through the siphon. This creates a large jet stream of water, allowing the squid to evade predators quickly and effectively.

"organ system integration"

Within mantle of squid

propulsion, respiratory, reproduction

Propulsion: mantle, body cavity is a bellow. High pressure water is "shot" out of siphon causing the squid to move in the opposite direction. Function: get away from predators.

Respiratory: breathing - take in water into body cavity. Ctenidium like lungs  - take in oxygen from water

Reproduction: In in body cavity, from testis, create spermatophores. In the photo below, of a male squid, the testis is the white sac near the top of the squid. This then releases spermatozoa which float into the spermatophoric gland which then gathers the spermatozoa and put them into sacs ready to be put into a female squid. Function: reproduction.

Organ System Integration

The circulatory system in fetal pigs acts as the mode of transportation for the endocrine system. The endocrine system uses hormones to target specific organs to promote the growth and development in pigs, and these hormones are secreted into the bloodstream, where they are then carried around the body via the circulatory system to where in the body they are designed for. For example, the hormone Pregnant Mare's-serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), which is secreted by the chorion into the bloodstream, promotes the development of a fertile oestrus cycle in fetal pigs. The circulatory system also carries vital oxygen via red blood cells and other nutrients throughout the body that is also needed in the growth of fetal pigs. The circulatory and endocrine systems work together to promote the growth of fetal pigs. 

Organ System Integration

Starfish
The respiratory system and the circulatory system work together. Oxygen and other essential gases diffuse through the skin and enter circulatory system. The oxygen flows through the circulatory system and is captured by the respiratory system. The starfish "breathes" and releases Carbon Dioxide in the same method.

Organ System Integration in Squids

The squid uses its mantle to support it's circulatory system, but also for locomotion and respiration.  The negative pressure created in the mantle when the squid expands helps to move blood and sucks in oxygenated water.  When the mantle contracts, it expels deoxygenated water which can also work as propulsion.  Also the circulatory system works with the urinary system by using the nephron organ which acts as a kidney in the urinary system, but as a filter in the circulatory system.  

Cool Fact!!! Squid blood is mainly made of copper, which is more abundant in the ocean.  When the blood is oxygenated, it is blue, but when it is deoxygenated, it turns clear.  

Integration

The frog has two ways of getting enough oxygen every day. Through their young age the frogs have water breathing gills until metamorphosis takes place and they form lungs to breath air. The frogs have external nares and pharynx which help them receive the air that fills their lungs. Along with their gills or lungs, the skin of the frogs is an absorbent respiratory surface. Their skin absorbs more than 25% of their daily oxygen and therefore intervenes with the gills or lungs and external nares to help the frog receive the necessary amount of oxygen to survive. 

System Integration

Each of the sea star's legs has it's own primary nerve that allows it to think for itself. This allows for faster response to environment. This also allows for more efficiency when searching for prey. When it finds prey another system helps it. The cardiac stomach folds out to ingests it's pray. These two systems work together to allow the star fish to be nourished and have the energy to survive to reproduce.

How Organ Systems Integrate in a Squid

The squid uses its mantle, which manages both the respiratory and circulatory systems, to control both its breathing and its circulation. The mantle also allows the squid to move very fast in that it can expand its mantle, bringing in water, and then expel it very quickly through the siphon, creating a jet of water which can propel it very quickly forward. These systems integrate because when the squid breathes, it also moves through the same organ. 

Organ System Integration

Starfish- 

the starfish has multiple ways to get food into its body. The starfish is a carnivore and eats almost any animal. It mostly eats oysters, and it uses the suction from its tube feet to pry open the shell. It then puts it cardiac stomach outside its body to get the food from the oyster. Once its eaten enough food the stomach goes back into the body and moves to the other stomach (pyloric) to separate the indigestible from the digestible. Another way it uses its tube feet to find food is though smell and sight. Starfish don't have the best sight, but each of the five arms have smell. When one arm smells food all others give control to that arm to get to the food. 

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Kelsey Smith